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Agatha is one of seven female saints, along with Our Lady, who are mentioned in the the Roman Canon (Eucharistic Prayer 1). This indicates that she had a place of honour in the Roman Church from an early age. She is also mentioned in the Martyrology of Jerome and the Calendar of Carthage. She is depicted in the 6th century mosaics of Sant'Apolinare Nuovo in Ravenna. Patrick Duffy writes her story.
Example of Christian virginity
St Agatha is one of the best-loved saints in Christian devotion despite the fact that very little is known of her life. Both Palermo and Catania in Sicily claim to have been her birth place. She stands for a long tradition in Christian devotion of female virginity, not as an imposition, but as a self-empowering against a dominant culture. In the sixth century the Christian poet and bishop of Poitiers, St Venantius Fortunatus (535-605), mentions her in his poem on virginity as one of the celebrated Christian virgins and martyrs.
The legend of her martyrdom
There are many versions of her legend. One is that she was a girl of noble, who was sought after by a man of consular rank, named Quintian. He pursued her and had her handed over to a brothel-keeper named Aphrodisia, who tried to corrupt her, but without success. After undergoing various tortures, she is said to have had a vision of St Peter, who strengthened her. But eventually she died from her sufferings. She is said to have had her breasts cut off and is often represented in art carrying them on a dish.
Patronage and influence
This last circumstance has led to her being acclaimed as the patron saint of bell-founders and to the custom in some places of blessing small loaves of bread in church on her feast. She is invoked against fire, especially the eruptions of Mount Etna. Her intercession as patron of Malta is credited with preserving the island
from the Turks in 1551.
Agatha is named among the women saints mentioned in the Roman Canon (First Eucharistic Prayer) of the Mass and she is depicted with them in the 6th century mosaics of Sant'Apolinare Nuovo in Ravenna.
Church of Sant'Agata dei Goti in Rome
About the year 460 the influential soldier Gothic soldier Ricimer built a church for the Goths in the Suburra (Via Mazzarino today) area of Rome and we learn from Pope Gelasius it was called the Basilica of St Agatha. As the Goths were Arians, the building was reconsecrated as Catholic by Pope Gregory the Great (590-604). It was restored in the 16th and 17th century and the façade rebuilt by Francesco Ferrari in 1729. The relief above the door shows St. Agatha holding her severed breast on a plate. From 1836 to 1926, it housed the Irish College. Sant'Agata dei Goti is also the name of a comune (town) near Naples.
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